Lately I have been making a little extra money modeling for a drawing class. Four women and one man—all in or past their fifties—make up the class, which is taught by a local portrait artist (who is also my landlord’s sister, hence the job). The sessions take place in a small rural cabin built for precisely this use: the room lacks utilities and is barely heated, but huge glass panes installed on the roof let in beautiful light from the north. I was surprised how difficult it is to sit completely still for twenty-minute intervals, especially early in the morning and while recovering from a cold. Even more surprising was how much I was able to learn about art by allowing strangers to draw me.
I’ve never been able to draw. My mom would disagree with me
about this, reminding me that as a kid I enthusiastically produced dozens of
the cute, colorful sketch drawings of bugs and cartoon characters and imaginary
creatures that kids love to make. And in my early twenties, inspired by the
artistic personalities I often found myself surrounded by, I would occasionally
scratch little doodles into a journal or in the margins of letters I would mail
to friends. But the idea of transforming the contours of reality into images on
a page always seemed downright impossible, and the fact that anyone could do it
at all struck me as a mystery and a miracle roughly on par with the
resurrection of Christ or the invention of language.
So during these sessions, I made an effort to listen. I was
fascinated by what I heard. Drawing from life is thrilling because it has
nothing to do with imagination: your task is to dutifully record the world of appearances
onto a sheet of paper, using only your eyes, hands, and a set of rather
rudimentary tools (charcoal, pastels, brushes, chamois, an easel, etc.). You
become a kind of conduit, the catalyst by which a moment (or a small, limited
collection of moments) is made permanent. Your duty is to closely observe
reality—my face, the light falling on it, the point where my face becomes my
cheek, the line of my mouth, and so on—to recreate it in static form. And to do
this, you must see.
Forgive me this seemingly obvious observation—it’s not as
obvious as it might seem. Our sight is regularly clouded by our thought: we
try, one could say naturally, to see beyond
the merely seen—to capture the essence of what is seen by seeing through the world
of appearances. What we think of as sight is, more often than not, a mixture of
sight and thought with no clear indication where one ends and the other begins.
When we look at a person, we try to gain a sense of their interior dimension—whether
that be the content of their emotions at this particular moment, or something
deeper and more shrouded such as their soul, personality, or character—by
looking for clues on the surface. (This is especially the case when the person
in question is a friend or loved one.) A facial expression, a hairstyle choice,
the brightness of one’s eyes: all of these things have a double existence, both
as a mere appearance and as a clue as to what lies beyond the appearances.
We quite naturally hold the mysterious thing beyond to possess
more reality than mere appearances, and we do not typically deal well with
subtlety. Ask nearly anyone to draw a picture of a happy woman, for instance,
and every image will likely share two qualities: exaggerated feminine features
and an exaggerated smile, to ensure that viewers recognize beyond any possible
misunderstanding that this is an image of a woman who is happy. It is unlikely,
however, that someone so prompted might immediately produce an image of the
Mona Lisa, whose wry smile conceals more than it reveals. In creating images,
we regularly seek to plainly represent the thing beyond—femininity, happiness—rather
than to construct a surface of appearances that subtly hint beyond themselves
at what might, with no certainty,
exist beneath what is seen.
Drawing from life demands that we remain beholden to reality
as it is. If there is a depth beyond this surface—if behind my face there lies
a soul, a character—its existence must be somehow revealed in the surface
itself. The depth can never be directly represented: it may only be hinted at
by subtle clues present in the surface.
In “The Origin of the Work of Art,” Heidegger declares that “All
art is essentially poetry” (“Alle Kunst
ist in ihrem Wesen Dichtung”). I no longer believe this to be true. Much of
our spoken and written discourse reveals the self directly: we regularly and
unproblematically communicate our feelings, intentions, beliefs, memories, and
so forth. We can, and often do, speak at length about things that cannot be
represented in images: love, God, time, space, etc. The relationship between language
and thinking is not identical to the relationship between image and thinking. The
relationship between surface and depth in poetry is different from that in
drawing. Exactly what that difference is, however, will require more thinking.
But against Heidegger, I propose the following: all art is either poetry or
drawing. And we have yet to fully understand the relationship between the two.